Question 1

What is Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Accepted Answer

Heart failure treatment is a comprehensive approach used to control symptoms, improve heart function where possible, reduce hospitalisation and address the underlying cause of heart failure. Heart failure does not necessarily mean that the heart has stopped working. Instead, it means that the heart is not functioning sufficiently for the body's requirements. Treatment may include: Medicines, Fluid and dietary management, Treatment of coronary artery disease, Treatment of heart-valve disease, Management of abnormal heart rhythms, Pacemaker or defibrillator therapy, Cardiac resynchronisation therapy, Coronary artery bypass surgery, Valve repair or replacement, Other cardiac surgery, Mechanical circulatory support, Heart transplantation in selected advanced cases. The Cardiological Society of India has described heart failure management as involving pharmacological treatment, device therapy, revascularisation, surgery and advanced therapies depending on the patient's condition. Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. In HFrEF, the heart's pumping function is reduced. Treatment generally involves a combination of evidence-based medicines and, in selected patients, device or surgical treatment. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. In HFpEF, the heart's pumping percentage may remain relatively preserved, but the heart may have difficulty relaxing and filling normally. Management focuses on controlling symptoms, treating associated conditions and addressing the underlying cause. Indian guidance recognises HFpEF as an important form of heart failure requiring clinical assessment and appropriate management. Advanced Heart Failure. Some patients develop advanced heart failure despite appropriate medical and device treatment. Selected patients may be assessed for: Mechanical circulatory support, Ventricular assist devices, Heart transplantation, Other advanced heart-failure therapies. Heart transplantation is generally considered only for carefully selected patients with advanced heart failure who remain significantly affected despite appropriate treatment and who do not have contraindications.

Question 2

How much does Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery cost in Bangladesh compared with India?

Accepted Answer

The total cost varies greatly because heart failure is not a single operation. Some patients require medicines and monitoring, while others may require angioplasty, bypass surgery, valve surgery, device implantation or advanced heart-failure treatment. For planning purposes, this guide uses: US$1 ≈ BDT 122, US$1 ≈ INR 96. Heart Failure Evaluation & Treatment Planning - BDT 80,000–150,000 / US$655–1,230 - INR 40,000–80,000 / US$415–835 - Approx. 20%–35%; Advanced Heart Failure Evaluation - BDT 120,000–220,000 / US$985–1,805 - INR 60,000–120,000 / US$625–1,250 - Approx. 20%–35%; Cardiac Catheterisation / Haemodynamic Evaluation - BDT 180,000–300,000 / US$1,475–2,460 - INR 100,000–180,000 / US$1,040–1,875 - Approx. 15%–30%; Coronary Angioplasty / Stenting for Selected HF Patients - BDT 350,000–650,000 / US$2,870–5,330 - INR 200,000–400,000 / US$2,085–4,170 - Approx. 15%–30%; CABG for Ischaemic Heart Failure - BDT 650,000–1,000,000 / US$5,330–8,200 - INR 400,000–650,000 / US$4,170–6,770 - Approx. 15%–30%; Valve Surgery Associated with Heart Failure - BDT 700,000–1,200,000 / US$5,740–9,835 - INR 400,000–750,000 / US$4,170–7,810 - Approx. 15%–30%; Pacemaker Implantation - BDT 250,000–450,000 / US$2,050–3,690 - INR 140,000–250,000 / US$1,460–2,605 - Approx. 15%–30%. BDT 500,000–850,000 / INR 300,000–550,000 / Approx. ICD Implantation US$4,100–6,970 US$3,125–5,730 15%–30%; BDT 650,000– INR 400,000–750,000 / Approx. CRT-P / CRT-D 1,100,000 / US$5,330– US$4,170–7,810 15%–30% 9,020; INR 2,000,000–Mechanical Circulatory BDT 3,000,000– Approx. 3,500,000 / Support / LVAD Evaluation 5,000,000 / 10%–25% US$20,835–36,460 US$24,590–40,985; INR 2,500,000–Heart Transplant Evaluation BDT 3,500,000– Approx. 4,000,000 / and Initial Treatment 5,500,000 / 10%–25% US$26,040–41,665 US$28,690–45,080. Potential savings are indicative planning ranges, not guaranteed savings. Actual costs may differ substantially depending on the patient's diagnosis, hospital, specialist team, device or implant, medicines, ICU requirement, procedure complexity, complications and length of stay. Patients should ask whether the quotation includes: Cardiologist consultation, Heart-failure specialist consultation, Cardiac surgeon consultation, Diagnostic tests, Echocardiography, ECG, Cardiac imaging, Coronary angiography, Catheterisation, Anaesthesia, Operation-theatre charges, Device or implant charges, ICU charges, Hospital room, Medicines, Blood products, Consumables, Additional hospital days, Rehabilitation, Follow-up consultations. For advanced heart-failure treatment, patients should obtain a detailed written treatment plan because the final cost can change considerably if additional procedures, prolonged ICU care, mechanical support or transplantation becomes necessary.

Question 3

Which Indian cities can Bangladeshi patients consider for Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Accepted Answer

Delhi / NCR - Heart-failure management, cardiac surgery, device therapy, advanced cardiac care and transplant evaluation; Gurugram - Heart-failure programmes, cardiac surgery, device therapy and advanced cardiac care; Noida - Cardiac evaluation, heart-failure management and postoperative care; Mumbai - Advanced heart-failure management, cardiac surgery and device-based treatment; Chennai - Heart-failure management, cardiac surgery and rehabilitation; Bengaluru - Heart-failure treatment, device therapy, cardiac surgery and advanced cardiac care; Hyderabad - Heart-failure management, cardiac surgery and device implantation; Kolkata - Cardiac evaluation, heart-failure management and cardiac procedures; Ahmedabad - Heart-failure treatment and cardiovascular surgery; Pune - Heart-failure management, cardiac procedures and rehabilitation; Kochi - Cardiac and heart-failure services; Thiruvananthapuram - Cardiology, cardiac surgery and advanced heart-failure care; Goa - Cardiac evaluation and selected cardiovascular services; Nagpur - Regional cardiac, heart-failure and cardiothoracic services. Patients with advanced heart failure should confirm that the selected centre has the particular service they require, such as cardiac ICU care, device implantation, cardiac surgery, mechanical circulatory support or transplant evaluation.

Question 4

Which hospitals in India can Bangladeshi patients consider for Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Accepted Answer

The following hospitals are part of the established Indian hospital reference list. Patients should confirm the availability of the specific heart-failure service required for their individual condition. Delhi: Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, Manipal Hospital, Dwarka, Fortis Hospital, Vasant Kunj, Institute of Brain and Spine Hospital, Dharamshila Narayana Hospital, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, AIIMS New Delhi. Chennai: MGM Healthcare, MIOT International, Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, SIMS Hospital, Kauvery Hospital, Gleneagles HealthCity Chennai, Vijaya Hospital, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Rela Hospital. Mumbai: Bombay Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Lilavati Hospital & Research Centre, Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital, Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai, Apollo Hospitals, Mumbai. Bengaluru: Manipal Hospital, Old Airport Road, Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Manipal Hospital, Yeshwanthpur, Apollo Hospitals, Bengaluru, Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta Road, Aster CMI Hospital, Sakra World Hospital, Narayana Health City, Sagar Hospitals, Kauvery Hospital, Bengaluru. Hyderabad: KIMS Hospitals, Yashoda Hospitals, Apollo Health City, CARE Hospitals, Continental Hospitals, Gleneagles Hospitals, Hyderabad, Sunshine Hospitals, Star Hospitals. Gurugram: Fortis Memorial Research Institute (FMRI), Medanta – The Medicity, Artemis Hospital, Max Hospital, Gurugram, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, Manipal Hospital, Gurugram, Paras Health, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital. Noida: Fortis Hospital, Noida, Jaypee Hospital, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Noida, Yatharth Hospital, Kailash Hospital, Metro Hospital & Heart Institute, Metro Center for Neurosciences. Kolkata: Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals, AMRI Hospitals, Fortis Hospital, Anandapur, Manipal Hospitals, Salt Lake, Medica Superspecialty Hospital, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Ruby General Hospital. Pune: Ruby Hall Clinic, Jehangir Hospital, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Sahyadri Super Speciality Hospital, Aditya Birla Memorial Hospital, Manipal Hospital, Kharadi, Medicover Hospital, Pune. Ahmedabad: Apollo Hospitals, Ahmedabad, Zydus Hospitals, Sterling Hospitals, Shalby Hospitals, HCG Hospitals, SAL Hospital, CIMS Hospital. Kochi: Aster Medcity, Amrita Hospital, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Rajagiri Hospital, Aster MIMS, Lisie Hospital, Renai Medicity. Thiruvananthapuram: KIMSHEALTH Hospital, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, SUT Hospital, SP Medifort Hospital, PRS Hospital, GG Hospital. Goa: Manipal Hospital, Goa, Healthway Hospital, Manipal Hospitals, Dona Paula, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Apollo Victor Hospital. Nagpur: Wockhardt Hospitals, Nagpur, Alexis Multispeciality Hospital, CARE Hospitals, Nagpur, Kingsway Hospitals, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital.

Question 5

What types of Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery are available?

Accepted Answer

Heart failure treatment is divided into several categories depending on the underlying cause and severity. 1. Medical Treatment. Many patients are treated primarily with medicines. Depending on the type of heart failure, treatment may include: Diuretics, Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, ARNI therapy, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, Other medicines selected according to the patient's condition. Indian heart-failure guidance includes pharmacological therapy as a central part of management. When coronary artery disease contributes to heart failure, selected patients may require: Coronary angioplasty, Stent placement, Coronary artery bypass grafting. Current guidance identifies CABG as an option for selected patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and suitable coronary anatomy. 3. Valve Surgery. Severe valve disease can cause or worsen heart failure. Treatment may include: Valve repair, Valve replacement, Transcatheter valve procedures, Combined coronary and valve surgery. For selected patients with severe aortic stenosis and heart failure, surgical or transcatheter aortic valve treatment may be considered. Some patients may require: Pacemaker, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). Device selection depends on rhythm, heart function, electrical conduction and other clinical factors. 5. Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy. CRT can be considered in selected patients whose electrical conduction pattern and heart-failure characteristics meet appropriate criteria. 6. Mechanical Circulatory Support. Patients with advanced heart failure may sometimes require mechanical circulatory support, including ventricular assist devices. 7. Heart Transplantation. Heart transplantation may be considered for carefully selected patients with advanced heart failure who remain severely affected despite appropriate treatment.

Question 6

Who may be suitable for Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Accepted Answer

Heart failure treatment is appropriate for patients diagnosed with heart failure or those being evaluated because of symptoms or evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Possible symptoms include: Breathlessness, Fatigue, Reduced exercise tolerance, Swelling of the legs, Difficulty breathing when lying down, Rapid weight gain due to fluid retention, Persistent cough, Reduced appetite, Recurrent hospitalisation for cardiac symptoms. Possible causes include: Coronary artery disease, Previous heart attack, High blood pressure, Heart-valve disease, Cardiomyopathy, Congenital heart disease, Abnormal heart rhythms, Inflammatory heart disease, Certain genetic conditions, Other structural or functional heart disorders. Surgery or advanced intervention is considered only in selected patients. Examples include patients with: Significant coronary disease suitable for revascularisation, Severe valve disease, Certain structural abnormalities, Selected severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, Significant rhythm or electrical abnormalities requiring device treatment, Advanced heart failure requiring mechanical support, Advanced heart failure being evaluated for transplantation. Current guidance supports invasive treatment selectively according to the underlying disease, symptoms, anatomy and response to medical or device therapy.

Question 7

What tests are required before Heart Failure Treatment or Surgery?

Accepted Answer

A complete evaluation is important because treatment depends on the underlying cause. Tests may include: Clinical cardiology examination, Blood pressure measurement, Pulse and oxygen saturation, ECG, Echocardiography, Chest X-ray, Complete blood count, Kidney-function tests, Liver-function tests, Electrolytes, Blood glucose, HbA1c, Lipid profile, Thyroid-function tests, Cardiac biomarkers where indicated, BNP or NT-proBNP where clinically appropriate, Coronary angiography, CT coronary angiography, Cardiac MRI, Stress testing, Cardiac catheterisation, Holter monitoring, Exercise testing, Pulmonary assessment where required. Echocardiography can provide information about: Ejection fraction, Heart chamber size, Valve function, Wall motion, Pulmonary pressures, Structural abnormalities. Coronary Evaluation. Patients suspected of having coronary artery disease may require coronary imaging or angiography. Patients with suspected arrhythmias may require: ECG, Holter monitoring, Extended rhythm monitoring, Electrophysiological assessment in selected cases. Patients being considered for mechanical support or transplantation may undergo additional investigations involving: Haemodynamic assessment, Exercise capacity, Kidney and liver evaluation, Pulmonary evaluation, Infection screening, Other transplant-related investigations. The final test list should be determined by the treating heart-failure team.

Question 8

What medical records should Bangladeshi patients send before travelling to India?

Accepted Answer

Bangladeshi patients should provide complete cardiac records whenever possible. Important documents include: Recent cardiologist reports, Heart-failure diagnosis, Echocardiography reports, Echocardiography images, ECG reports, Holter reports, Coronary angiography reports, Coronary angiography images, CT coronary reports, Cardiac MRI reports, Previous cardiac surgery records, Previous angioplasty and stent records, Previous valve-surgery records, Pacemaker or ICD information, Previous hospital discharge summaries, Blood-test reports, Kidney-function reports, Current medication list, Previous medication history, Allergy information. Patients should also provide: Current symptoms, Duration of symptoms, Previous cardiac events, Previous hospitalisations, Previous heart procedures, Current medication doses, Any history of kidney disease, Any history of diabetes, Any history of hypertension, Previous complications. Patients being evaluated for advanced heart failure should also provide any previous transplant or LVAD evaluation records, if available.

Question 9

How does Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery work?

Accepted Answer

The treatment pathway depends on the cause and severity of heart failure. The cardiac team reviews: Symptoms, Medical history, Previous cardiac events, Medications, Echocardiography, ECG, Other investigations. The team determines whether heart failure is associated with: Coronary artery disease, Valve disease, Cardiomyopathy, Rhythm abnormality, Congenital disease, Hypertension, Another condition. Step 3: Optimise Medical Treatment. Appropriate medicines are selected and adjusted according to the patient's heart-failure type, blood pressure, kidney function, potassium level and other factors. Selected patients may be evaluated for: Pacemaker, ICD, CRT, Other device-based treatment. If significant coronary artery disease is present, the team may consider: Medicines, Angioplasty, Stenting, CABG. If severe valve disease contributes to heart failure, treatment may involve: Valve repair, Valve replacement, Transcatheter intervention. Patients who remain severely affected despite appropriate treatment may be evaluated for: Mechanical circulatory support, LVAD, Heart transplantation. Step 8: Hospital and ICU Management. Patients with acute or severely worsening heart failure may require hospital treatment, oxygen or respiratory support, intravenous medicines and close monitoring. Once stable, patients may receive: Cardiac rehabilitation, Exercise guidance, Nutrition advice, Medication education, Lifestyle counselling. Step 10: Long-Term Follow-Up. Heart failure generally requires ongoing management rather than a single treatment episode. Regular follow-up may include: Cardiologist review, Echocardiography, Blood tests, Medication adjustment, Device monitoring, Weight monitoring, Blood-pressure monitoring.

Question 10

What are the alternatives to Heart Failure Surgery?

Accepted Answer

Not every patient with heart failure requires surgery. Depending on the underlying cause, alternatives may include: Medical Therapy. Medicines form a major part of heart-failure management. Treatment is individualised according to: Heart-failure type, Ejection fraction, Blood pressure, Kidney function, Heart rhythm, Other medical conditions. Patients may be advised regarding: Appropriate physical activity, Nutrition, Weight management, Smoking cessation, Alcohol reduction or avoidance where appropriate, Blood-pressure control, Diabetes management. Angioplasty and Stenting. Selected patients with coronary artery disease may be treated through PCI rather than bypass surgery. Valve Repair or Transcatheter Treatment. Selected valve conditions may be managed with repair or catheter-based procedures instead of conventional surgery. Selected patients may benefit from: Pacemaker, ICD, CRT. Monitoring. Patients with stable disease may sometimes be managed through regular monitoring and medication adjustment. The appropriate alternative depends on the exact cause and severity of heart failure.

Question 11

What should Bangladeshi patients ask before accepting a Heart Failure Treatment or Surgery quotation?

Accepted Answer

Patients and families should ask: What is the exact cause of the heart failure?, What is the current ejection fraction?, Is the heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction?, Is coronary artery disease contributing to the problem?, Is valve disease contributing to the problem?, What treatment is recommended first?, Is surgery actually required?, Can medical treatment be optimised first?, Is angioplasty an option?, Is CABG an option?, Is valve repair or replacement required?, Is device therapy appropriate?, Is CRT appropriate?, Is an ICD required?, What are the major risks?, What investigations are still required?, What is the expected hospital stay?, Will ICU treatment be required?, Are medicines included in the quotation?, Are devices or implants included?, Are ICU charges included?, What happens if the patient requires additional treatment?, What is the estimated total duration in India?, What follow-up will be required after returning to Bangladesh?, If advanced heart failure is present, should the patient be evaluated for LVAD or transplantation?. Patients should request a detailed written treatment plan and quotation before making international travel arrangements.

Question 12

How long should Bangladeshi patients stay in India for Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Accepted Answer

The duration depends heavily on the treatment required. Approximately 3–7 days may be required for: Specialist consultation, Echocardiography, Blood tests, Imaging, Treatment planning. Medical Treatment Adjustment. Stable patients may require a shorter stay, while patients requiring medication optimisation, monitoring or hospital treatment may need additional time. Device Implantation. Patients undergoing pacemaker, ICD or CRT implantation may require several days for the procedure and monitoring, although the total international stay may be longer. CABG or Valve Surgery. Patients undergoing major cardiac surgery may need approximately 10–21 days or longer in India depending on ICU and postoperative recovery. Advanced Heart Failure. Patients undergoing LVAD evaluation, mechanical circulatory support or transplant assessment may need a substantially longer stay. Transplant treatment involves a much longer medical pathway because it includes: Detailed evaluation, Eligibility assessment, Donor-related processes, Surgery, ICU care, Post-transplant monitoring, Immunosuppressive treatment. The exact timeline cannot be predicted in advance for every patient. Bangladeshi patients should avoid booking a fixed return flight until the treating cardiac team confirms medical stability and travel clearance.

Question 13

What is recovery like after Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Accepted Answer

Recovery depends on whether the patient receives medical treatment, a device, coronary intervention, valve surgery, CABG or advanced therapy. Recovery focuses on: Symptom improvement, Medication adjustment, Fluid management, Blood-pressure control, Weight monitoring, Gradual activity, Follow-up. Patients may need: Wound care, Device interrogation, Activity restrictions during early healing, Long-term device monitoring. Recovery may involve: ICU monitoring, Wound care, Breathing exercises, Gradual mobilisation, Physiotherapy, Medication adjustment, Cardiac rehabilitation. After Advanced Heart-Failure Treatment. Patients receiving mechanical circulatory support or transplantation require specialised long-term follow-up. Cardiac rehabilitation may include: Supervised exercise, Nutrition guidance, Medication education, Lifestyle counselling, Monitoring of cardiovascular response. Long-Term Management. Heart failure generally requires continuing care. Patients may need regular: Cardiology appointments, Echocardiography, Blood tests, Medication review, Device checks, Weight monitoring, Blood-pressure monitoring. Recovery should be gradual and guided by the treating team.

Question 14

How can follow-up be managed after returning to Bangladesh?

Accepted Answer

Before leaving India, patients should obtain a complete medical file. It should include: Final discharge summary, Heart-failure diagnosis, Procedure report, Operation report where applicable, Echocardiography report, ECG, Device information where applicable, Valve information where applicable, Medication list, Medication doses, Blood-test requirements, Activity instructions, Dietary recommendations, Cardiac rehabilitation plan, Follow-up schedule. Follow-up may include: Cardiologist consultation, Heart-failure specialist review where available, Echocardiography, ECG, Blood tests, Kidney-function monitoring, Electrolyte monitoring, Medication adjustment, Device monitoring, Weight monitoring, Blood-pressure monitoring, Cardiac rehabilitation. Patients who have undergone device implantation should retain the device identification and programming information. Patients with advanced heart failure should also know exactly when to contact their treating team. Seek urgent medical attention for: Severe breathlessness, Breathlessness at rest, Severe chest pain, Fainting, Confusion, Rapidly increasing swelling, Sudden weight gain associated with fluid retention, Severe weakness, Blue or grey lips/skin, New severe palpitations, Very low blood pressure with symptoms, Rapid deterioration.

Question 15

Should a Bangladeshi patient travel to India for Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Accepted Answer

Bangladeshi patients may consider India for: Heart-failure second opinions, Complex heart-failure evaluation, Coronary disease assessment, CABG evaluation, Valve surgery, Device implantation, CRT assessment, ICD implantation, Advanced heart-failure assessment, Mechanical circulatory support evaluation, Heart-transplant evaluation. However, heart failure is a complex condition and treatment should be based on the patient's exact diagnosis and clinical status. A Bangladeshi patient considering treatment in India should compare: Exact cause of heart failure, Ejection fraction and heart function, Severity of symptoms, Coronary artery disease, Valve disease, Heart rhythm, Kidney function, Proposed medical treatment, Need for surgery, Need for device therapy, Need for advanced heart-failure evaluation, Hospital and ICU facilities, Expected cost, Expected duration in India, Rehabilitation requirements, Follow-up arrangements in Bangladesh. For many patients, sending the complete cardiac records before travelling can help the treating team determine which investigations are required and whether the patient should be evaluated for medical, interventional, surgical or advanced heart-failure treatment. The final decision should be based on specialist evaluation rather than cost or location alone.

Treatment / Procedure	Bangladesh Estimated Cost	India Estimated Cost	Potential Saving
Heart Failure Evaluation & Treatment Planning	BDT 80,000–150,000 US$655–1,230	INR 40,000–80,000 US$415–835	Approx. 20%–35%
Advanced Heart Failure Evaluation	BDT 120,000–220,000 US$985–1,805	INR 60,000–120,000 US$625–1,250	Approx. 20%–35%
Cardiac Catheterisation / Haemodynamic Evaluation	BDT 180,000–300,000 US$1,475–2,460	INR 100,000–180,000 US$1,040–1,875	Approx. 15%–30%
Coronary Angioplasty / Stenting for Selected HF Patients	BDT 350,000–650,000 US$2,870–5,330	INR 200,000–400,000 US$2,085–4,170	Approx. 15%–30%
CABG for Ischaemic Heart Failure	BDT 650,000–1,000,000 US$5,330–8,200	INR 400,000–650,000 US$4,170–6,770	Approx. 15%–30%
Valve Surgery Associated with Heart Failure	BDT 700,000–1,200,000 US$5,740–9,835	INR 400,000–750,000 US$4,170–7,810	Approx. 15%–30%
Pacemaker Implantation	BDT 250,000–450,000 US$2,050–3,690	INR 140,000–250,000 US$1,460–2,605	Approx. 15%–30%

City	Heart Failure Treatment Environment
Delhi / NCR	Heart-failure management, cardiac surgery, device therapy, advanced cardiac care and transplant evaluation
Gurugram	Heart-failure programmes, cardiac surgery, device therapy and advanced cardiac care
Noida	Cardiac evaluation, heart-failure management and postoperative care
Mumbai	Advanced heart-failure management, cardiac surgery and device-based treatment
Chennai	Heart-failure management, cardiac surgery and rehabilitation
Bengaluru	Heart-failure treatment, device therapy, cardiac surgery and advanced cardiac care
Hyderabad	Heart-failure management, cardiac surgery and device implantation
Kolkata	Cardiac evaluation, heart-failure management and cardiac procedures
Ahmedabad	Heart-failure treatment and cardiovascular surgery
Pune	Heart-failure management, cardiac procedures and rehabilitation
Kochi	Cardiac and heart-failure services
Thiruvananthapuram	Cardiology, cardiac surgery and advanced heart-failure care
Goa	Cardiac evaluation and selected cardiovascular services
Nagpur	Regional cardiac, heart-failure and cardiothoracic services

15 Frequently Asked Questions : Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery in India for Bangladeshi Patients

Q1 · What is Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Treatment may include

Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Advanced Heart Failure

Selected patients may be assessed for

Q2 · How much does Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery cost in Bangladesh compared with India?

For planning purposes, this guide uses

Patients should ask whether the quotation includes

Q3 · Which Indian cities can Bangladeshi patients consider for Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Q4 · Which hospitals in India can Bangladeshi patients consider for Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Delhi Hospitals

Chennai Hospitals

Mumbai Hospitals

Bengaluru Hospitals

Hyderabad Hospitals

Gurugram Hospitals

Noida Hospitals

Kolkata Hospitals

Pune Hospitals

Ahmedabad Hospitals

Kochi Hospitals

Thiruvananthapuram Hospitals

Goa Hospitals

Nagpur Hospitals

Q5 · What types of Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery are available?

1. Medical Treatment

Depending on the type of heart failure, treatment may include

2. Coronary Artery Treatment

When coronary artery disease contributes to heart failure, selected patients may require

3. Valve Surgery

Treatment may include

4. Pacemaker and Device Therapy

Some patients may require

5. Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy

6. Mechanical Circulatory Support

7. Heart Transplantation

Q6 · Who may be suitable for Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery?

Possible symptoms include

Possible causes include

Examples include patients with

Q7 · What tests are required before Heart Failure Treatment or Surgery?

Tests may include

Echocardiography

Echocardiography can provide information about

Coronary Evaluation

Rhythm Assessment

Patients with suspected arrhythmias may require

Advanced Heart Failure Evaluation

Patients being considered for mechanical support or transplantation may undergo additional investigations involving

Q8 · What medical records should Bangladeshi patients send before travelling to India?

Important documents include

Patients should also provide

Q9 · How does Heart Failure Treatment and Surgery work?

Step 1: Comprehensive Evaluation

The cardiac team reviews

Step 2: Identify the Cause

The team determines whether heart failure is associated with

Step 3: Optimise Medical Treatment

Step 4: Evaluate Devices

Selected patients may be evaluated for

Step 5: Evaluate Coronary Disease

If significant coronary artery disease is present, the team may consider

Step 6: Evaluate Valve Disease

If severe valve disease contributes to heart failure, treatment may involve

Step 7: Advanced Heart Failure Assessment

Patients who remain severely affected despite appropriate treatment may be evaluated for

Step 8: Hospital and ICU Management

Step 9: Rehabilitation

Once stable, patients may receive

Step 10: Long-Term Follow-Up

Regular follow-up may include

Q10 · What are the alternatives to Heart Failure Surgery?

Medical Therapy

Treatment is individualised according to

Lifestyle and Rehabilitation

Patients may be advised regarding

Angioplasty and Stenting

Valve Repair or Transcatheter Treatment